Relative marriage is not explicitly forbidden in Islam, nor is it encouraged, as people are left to choose what is most appropriate for them, and perhaps this approach confirms what modern medicine has reached on this subject, which is that inbreeding is. Harmless along the line, it may be beneficial, if the level of intelligence, beauty and strength in the family if it's high, Hence, saying that inbreeding is all harm, even though Islam has permitted it, is words that lack scientific validity
Examples of inbreeding in Islam
Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) married Fatima Al-Zahraa (peace be upon her), and he is the cousin of the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, his family and companions, as is clear, The Prophet married his aunt's daughter, Zainab bint Jahsh
The Positive aspects of inbreeding
If the family has desirable hereditary factors that are not in other families, such as characteristics of beauty, intelligence, strength, longevity, etc., then inbreeding is better than the marriage of strangers, provided that the marriage between relatives does not last for a generation so that families do not turn into small closed communities, which proves that it is genetically harmful, and therefore the chances of inbreeding and distant relatives are equal in these cases, whether this or that. May God’s blessings and peace be upon them commanded us to choose, as he said: “Choose for your semen,” and selection in our time is based on genetic counseling.
The Negative aspects of inbreeding
Not sacrificing one generation for the sake of another.
To clarify this point, we assume that in society marriage is between relatives only in this case, we find that the percentage of pathological genes in this society will increase in the offspring of this generation as a result, from not getting rid of these pathological genes as their convergence is in a double or rare case, the result is that with the passage of generations, the presence of these pathological genes in society will increase, and this leads to a steady increase in the emergence of genetic diseases controlled by these genes in future generations, such as pancreatic fibrosis.
And God permitted the Messenger to marry the daughters of paternal uncles and paternal uncles, and the mother’s maternal uncle, who is of the lowest rank, so I knew that it was permissible, but the ruling changed from permissibility to hatred, or to something more severe than that, if there is a reason that turns the permit into other things, such as evidence of health damage, family disintegration, or social instability among the relatives and kinship families.
The jurisprudence of consanguineous marriage
The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, urged qualities on the basis of which a man chooses his wife, and did not mention that the wife is a stranger, dosn't associated with it cause lineage, but the request for delay from the righteous and competent
Allah says
يا أيها النبي إنا أحللنا لك أزواجك اللاتي أتيت أجورهن وما ملكت يمينك مما أفاء الله عليك وبنات عمك وبنات عماتك وبنات خالك وبنات خالاتك…” (الأحزاب: 50)
Oh Prophet, we have made lawful for you your wives whose wages you have given and what your right hand possesses, Of what God has bestowed on you, your cousins, your aunts’ daughters, your maternal uncles’ daughters, and your maternal aunts’ daughters…” (Al-Ahzab: 50)
This verse is a middle ground between excess and negligence, because the Christians do not marry a woman unless the lineage between them and her grandparents is seven or more, and the Jews marry one of them the daughter of his brother and the daughter of his sister, this pure and perfect law came to destroy the surplus of the Christians, permitting the cousin and the maternal uncle and the daughter of the maternal aunt, and forbidding what the Jews left in any case, marriage with relatives is permitted in the first place, provided that social and health conditions are taken into account, and in each case, without comparison with another, with a medical examination and examinations of marriage being conducted before its conclusion.
The cousin marriage was not intended in the legal prohibition of it, and it was not commanded. Rather, it was left to the permissibility until he studied each case separately. Perhaps it is more appropriate for a man to marry his female relative, perhaps there were social considerations that favored kinship marriage, and marriage to relatives may lead to severing ties of kinship, or to an increase in quarrels between relatives, if it is known in the family that the friendship between them is unstable. From what the jurists mentioned: Fear of weak children And the investigation with them according to the opinion of the doctors, and it has been proven that the matter is not conclusive.
The Rooting to the health of the topic
The increase in the incidence of genetic diseases in the offspring resulting from recessive genetic factors for both parents does not depend on consanguineous marriage in any way, , but depends mainly on the prevalence of the recessive genetic factor among the members of the community as a whole. If more than 1:8 is prevalent in the population; Marriage of distant people is not a guarantee of having genetically healthy children.
We understand from this that the emergence of some genetic diseases in the offspring in societies in which recessive genetic factors spread among its members. Prevalence is about 1:8 equal to the ratio of their appearance in offspring in both inbreeding and interbreeding.
There is another assumption if the prevalence of the recessive genetic factor in the community is more than 12% and the family in this community is genetically pure, in which case marriage between relatives in this family is much better and safer than intermarriage.
Examples of these diseases
sickle cell anemia: -
If the recessive genetic factor is restricted to the members of a particular family more than it is to the members of the community around them, then intermarriage is better than consanguineous marriage
But if the opposite is true, and the family members are genetically pure, and the members of society around them are prevalent in the recessive genetic factor, then in this case consanguineous marriage is safer and more secure than mixed marriage, for example, in some regions of Italy and Sicily, the recessive genetic factor of poverty Sickle-cell blood is present in the members of society at a rate of up to 10%, and the percentage is higher in other societies, such as some areas of Kenya, where the percentage reaches 40% in the members of the community. If we assume that a family migrated and its members are genetically pure from this genetic factor .. Isn’t consanguineous marriage Better than distant marriage? Among the most prominent diseases are hemoglobin, "hemoglobin", birth defects, metabolism, and common genetic mono-diseases, which are the main cause of many diseases and disabilities in children, and according to some studies, consanguineous marriage inherits 82 diseases,
such as recurrent miscarriage
and multiple disabilities
and multiple vesicles in the kidneys
and thalassemia
and iron overdose
And atrophy of the muscles of the face and shoulders
and multiple neoplastic diseases of the colon
and weight at birth
Less than inbreeding and other diseases. Although this is the legal medical ruling, she does not mind consanguineous marriage, but she urges caution and caution.
Some additional Information taken into account, and a general conclusion on the topic
In Iran, after unintentional accidents, mental health problems are the second major burden of disease. Cousin marriage is very common in Iran and the relationship between parental kinship and mental health is an important issue that has not been adequately studied in Iran yet.
The study revealed the prevalence of social dysfunction among the study students and the absence of a relationship between the marriage of relatives to one of the parents and mental health. Parental kinship and genetic factors may not be the main causes for the prevalence of mental health problems in Iran, and the effects of environmental factors on these problems may be greater than those of inherited factors.
The study revealed that social dysfunction was very common among SKUMS students
and that mental health problems tend not to occur more frequently in children of consanguineous parents than in children of nonconsanguineous parents. These results indicate that mental health problems may not have a recessive or polygenic inheritance pattern.
What is taken into consideration: Premarital examination
An important issue is the medical examination of married couples before marriage to determine the impact of marriage on the future of children and the family in general. One of the requirements for marriage, the contract in Qatar, is the examination before marriage, and this is what all countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council have adopted, and this is what we wish for all Arab and Islamic countries, and with this examination an individual can correct many things that are difficult to correct after marriage.
The links
https://archive.islamonline.net/33
https://www.islam4u.com/ar/almojib/ما-رأي-الإسلام-في-زواج-الأقارب-بعضهم-من-بعض؟
: http://www.islamset.com/arabic/ahip/sawke.html